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Disease Profile

Megalocornea-intellectual disability syndrome

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

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US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Neonatal

ICD-10

Q87.8

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

MMR syndrome; Neuhauser syndrome

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Eye diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 2479

Definition
Megalocorneaintellectual disability syndrome is a rare intellectual disability syndrome most commonly characterized by megalocornea, congenital hypotonia, varying degrees of intellectual disability, psychomotor/developmental delay, seizures, and mild facial dysmorphism (including round face, frontal bossing, antimongoloid slant of the eyes, epicanthal folds, large low set ears, broad nasal base, anteverted nostrils, and long upper lip). Interfamilial and intrafamilial clinical variability has been reported.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of immune system physiology
0010978
Frontal bossing
0002007
Global developmental delay
0001263
Intellectual disability
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation

[ more ]

0001249
Megalocornea
Enlarged cornea
0000485
Micrognathia
Little lower jaw
Small jaw
Small lower jaw

[ more ]

0000347
Muscular hypotonia
Low or weak muscle tone
0001252
Neurological speech impairment
Speech disorder
Speech impairment
Speech impediment

[ more ]

0002167
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal anterior chamber morphology
0000593
Downslanted palpebral fissures
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids
0000494
Epicanthus
Eye folds
Prominent eye folds

[ more ]

0000286
Genu varum
Outward bow-leggedness
Outward bowing at knees

[ more ]

0002970
High palate
Elevated palate
Increased palatal height

[ more ]

0000218
Hypertelorism
Wide-set eyes
Widely spaced eyes

[ more ]

0000316
Hypoplasia of the iris
Underdeveloped iris
0007676
Iridodonesis
0100693
Joint hyperflexibility
Joints move beyond expected range of motion
0005692
Kyphosis
Hunched back
Round back

[ more ]

0002808
Metatarsus valgus
0010508
Myopia
Close sighted
Near sighted
Near sightedness
Nearsightedness

[ more ]

0000545
Open mouth
Gaped jawed appearance
Gaped mouthed appearance
Slack jawed appearance

[ more ]

0000194
Scoliosis
0002650
Seizure
0001250
Short stature
Decreased body height
Small stature

[ more ]

0004322
Stereotypy
Repetitive movements
Repetitive or self-injurious behavior

[ more ]

0000733
Tapered finger
Tapered fingertips
Tapering fingers

[ more ]

0001182
Wide nasal bridge
Broad nasal bridge
Broad nasal root
Broadened nasal bridge
Increased breadth of bridge of nose
Increased breadth of nasal bridge
Increased width of bridge of nose
Increased width of nasal bridge
Nasal bridge broad
Wide bridge of nose
Widened nasal bridge

[ more ]

0000431
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Astigmatism
Abnormal curving of the cornea or lens of the eye
0000483
Ataxia
0001251
EEG abnormality
0002353
Everted lower lip vermilion
Drooping lower lip
Outward turned lower lip

[ more ]

0000232
Hypercholesterolemia
Elevated serum cholesterol
Elevated total cholesterol
Increased total cholesterol

[ more ]

0003124
Hypothyroidism
Underactive thyroid
0000821
Macrocephaly
Increased size of skull
Large head
Large head circumference

[ more ]

0000256
Microcephaly
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
Small head circumference

[ more ]

0000252
Nystagmus
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements
0000639
Osteopenia
0000938
Protruding ear
Prominent ear
Prominent ears

[ more ]

0000411
Sensorineural hearing impairment
0000407
Short philtrum
0000322
Underdeveloped supraorbital ridges
Flattened bony protrusion above eyes
0009891
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Arachnodactyly
Long slender fingers
Spider fingers

[ more ]

0001166
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Bifid uvula
0000193
Cerebral cortical atrophy
Decrease in size of the outer layer of the brain due to loss of brain cells
0002120
Cupped ear
Cup-shaped ears
Simple, cup-shaped ears

[ more ]

0000378
Delayed CNS myelination
0002188
Depressed nasal bridge
Depressed bridge of nose
Flat bridge of nose
Flat nasal bridge
Flat, nasal bridge
Flattened nasal bridge
Low nasal bridge
Low nasal root

[ more ]

0005280
Dysphagia
Poor swallowing
Swallowing difficulties
Swallowing difficulty

[ more ]

0002015
Generalized hypotonia
Decreased muscle tone
Low muscle tone

[ more ]

0001290
Genu recurvatum
Back knee
Knee hyperextension

[ more ]

0002816
Genu valgum
Knock kn

Learn more

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

  • The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

In-Depth Information

  • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
  • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
  • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
  • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Megalocornea-intellectual disability syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

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