Rare Oncology News

Advertisement

Disease Profile

Multiple café-au-lait spots

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

Unknown

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Childhood

ageofonset-childhood.svg

ICD-10

L81.3

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

rnn-autosomaldominant.svg

Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

no.svg

X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

no.svg

X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

no.svg

Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

no.svg

Not applicable

no.svg

Other names (AKA)

NF6; Multiple cafe´-au-lait syndrome; Familial cafe´-au-lait spots;

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Skin Diseases

Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.
orphanet

Orpha Number: 2678

Definition
Neurofibromatosis type 6 (NF6), also referred as café-au-lait spots syndrome, is a cutaneous disorder characterized by the presence of several café-au-lait (CAL) macules without any other manifestations of neurofibromatosis or any other systemic disorder.

Epidemiology
Prevalence is unknown, but the disease appears to be extremely rare.

Clinical description
The macules may appear in infancy, but usually they are detected after 2 years of age. CAL lesions are hyperpigmented with smooth or irregular borders. Their size may vary from a few millimeters to more than 10 cm.

Etiology
The etiology of NF6 remains unknown. Close linkage to the NF1 gene (17q11.2) has been reported in some cases.

Diagnostic methods
The diagnosis is based on the presence of six or more CAL macules.

Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnoses include neurofibromatosis type 1, McCune-Albright syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis (see these terms).

Genetic counseling
Transmission is autosomal dominant.

Management and treatment
Isolated CAL lesions do not require medical care.

Prognosis
CAL spots are benign and may resolve with age.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Multiple cafe-au-lait spots
0007565
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Freckling
0001480
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal dominant inheritance
0000006

Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

    Learn more

    These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

    In-Depth Information

    • Madson JG. Multiple or familial cafe´-au-lait spots is neurofibromatosis type 6: Clarification of a diagnosis Dermatology Online Journal 18(5):4.
    • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
    • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
    • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
    • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Multiple café-au-lait spots. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.