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Disease Profile

Cholesteryl ester storage disease

Prevalence
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.

Unknown

US Estimated

Europe Estimated

Age of onset

Childhood

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ICD-10

E75.5

Inheritance

Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.

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Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.

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X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.

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X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.

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Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.

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Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.

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Not applicable

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Other names (AKA)

CESD; Cholesterol ester hydrolase deficiency; Cholesterol ester storage disease

Categories

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Digestive Diseases; Endocrine Diseases;

Summary

Cholesteryl ester storage disease is is a type of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency.[1] It is an inherited disease that causes a buildup of fats (lipids) in the tissues and organs of the body and calcium deposits in the adrenal glands. The liver is most severely affected in most cases. Some people with cholesteryl ester storage disease may develop liver cirrhosis that progresses to liver failure. People with cholesteryl ester storage disease may also build up fatty deposits on the artery walls (atherosclerosis). This buildup can narrow the arteries and increase the risk for heart attack or stroke. Cholesteryl ester storage disease is caused by mutations in the LIPA gene. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.[2] Enzyme replacement therapy is available for the treatment of lysosomal acid lipase deficiencies, including cholesteryl ester storage disease, in the United States, the European Union, and Japan.[1][3] A low cholesterol diet may also be helpful.[4]

Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

Medical Terms Other Names
Learn More:
HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged liver
0002240
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Arteriosclerosis
0002634
Diarrhea
Watery stool
0002014
Hepatic failure
Liver failure
0001399
Hypercholesterolemia
Elevated serum cholesterol
Elevated total cholesterol
Increased total cholesterol

[ more ]

0003124
Hypertriglyceridemia
Increased plasma triglycerides
Increased serum triglycerides
Increased triglycerides

[ more ]

0002155
Nausea and vomiting
0002017
Splenomegaly
Increased spleen size
0001744
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Adrenal calcification
0010512
Cirrhosis
Scar tissue replaces healthy tissue in the liver
0001394
Esophageal varix
Enlarged vein in esophagus
0002040
Jaundice
Yellow skin
Yellowing of the skin

[ more ]

0000952
Pruritus
Itching
Itchy skin
Skin itching

[ more ]

0000989
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal recessive inheritance
0000007
Death in infancy
Infantile death
Lethal in infancy

[ more ]

0001522
Hepatic steatosis
Fatty infiltration of liver
Fatty liver

[ more ]

0001397
Protuberant abdomen
Belly sticks out
Extended belly

[ more ]

0001538

Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

  • The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

    Treatment

    FDA-Approved Treatments

    The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. Learn more orphan products.

    Organizations

    Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

    Learn more

    These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

    Where to Start

      In-Depth Information

      • GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
      • The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
      • Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 
      • Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
      • PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Cholesteryl ester storage disease. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

        References

        1. Hoffman EP, Barr ML, Giovanni MA & Murray MF. Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency. GeneReviews. September 1 2016; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK305870/.
        2. Cholesteryl ester storage disease. Genetics Home Reference (GHR). October 2007; https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cholesteryl-ester-storage-disease. Accessed 7/14/2015.
        3. Kruer MC, Steiner RD. Lysosomal Storage Disease: Wolman Disease and Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease. Medscape Reference. December 9 2015; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1182830-overview#a7.
        4. Acid Lipase Disease Information Page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Acid-Lipase-Disease-Information-Page. Accessed 12/6/2017.