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Disease Profile
Milroy disease
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
Unknown
Age of onset
Infancy
ICD-10
Q82.0
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
Hereditary lymphedema; Congenital hereditary lymphedema; Early onset lymphedema;
Categories
Blood Diseases; Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Eye diseases;
Summary
Milroy disease affects the
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms may include:[1]
- Buildup of fluid (lymphedema) in the lower limbs
- Fluid buildup in the scrotum (hydrocele)
- Easily seen veins
- Upslanting toenails
- Wart-like growths (papillomatosis)
- Skin infection (cellulitis)
Swelling of the lower limbs is usually present from before birth. It may gets worse over time, but in some cases lymphedema may improve. Skin changes may develop over the area of lymphedema, including thickened, scaly skin (hyperkeratosis) and wart-like growths (papillomatosis). People with Milroy disease may have an increased risk for developing serious skin infections and
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
---|---|---|
30%-79% of people have these symptoms | ||
Ankle swelling | 0001785 | |
Cellulitis |
Bacterial infection of skin
Skin infection
[ more ] |
0100658 |
Hydrocele |
0000034 | |
Hyperkeratosis | 0000962 | |
Pedal edema |
Fluid accumulation in lower limbs
Lower leg swelling
[ more ] |
0010741 |
Predominantly lower limb lymphedema | 0003550 | |
Toenail dysplasia |
Abnormal toenail development
|
0100797 |
Varicose veins | 0002619 | |
5%-29% of people have these symptoms | ||
Angiosarcoma | 0200058 | |
Behavioral abnormality |
Behavioral changes
Behavioral disorders
Behavioral disturbances
Behavioral problems
Behavioral/psychiatric abnormalities
Behavioural/Psychiatric abnormality
Psychiatric disorders
Psychiatric disturbances
[ more ] |
0000708 |
Epicanthus |
Eye folds
Prominent eye folds
[ more ] |
0000286 |
Lichenification | 0100725 | |
Skin tumors
Tumor of the skin
[ more ] |
0008069 | |
Specific learning disability | 0001328 | |
1%-4% of people have these symptoms | ||
Abnormal facial shape |
Unusual facial appearance
|
0001999 |
Erysipelas | 0001055 | |
Hypoplasia of lymphatic vessels |
Underdeveloped lymphatic vessels
|
0003759 |
Nonimmune hydrops fetalis | 0001790 | |
Papilloma | 0012740 | |
Prominent superficial veins |
Prominent veins
|
0001015 |
Upslanting toenail | 0032344 | |
Urethral stricture | 0012227 | |
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO | ||
0000006 | ||
Symptoms present at birth
|
0003577 | |
Hemangioma |
Strawberry mark
|
0001028 |
Hyperkeratosis over edematous areas | 0007448 |
Cause
Diagnosis
Testing Resources
- The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.
Treatment
Specialists who may be involved in the care of someone with Milroy disease include:
- Lymphedema therapist
- Physician specializing in lymphedema
Vascular surgeon Physical therapist Dermatologist
Organizations
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Organizations Supporting this Disease
-
Lymphatic Education and Research Network
261 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10016
Telephone: +1-516-625-9675
Fax: +1-516-625-9410
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://lymphaticnetwork.org/ -
National Lymphedema Network (NLN)
411 Lafayette Street, 6th Floor
New York, NY 10003
Toll-free: +1646-722-7410
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.lymphnet.org
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Milroy disease. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
In-Depth Information
- GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Milroy disease. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
References
- Brice GW, Mansour S, Ostergaard P, Connell F, Jeffery S, Mortimer P. Milroy Disease. GeneReviews. Updated September 25, 2014; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1239/.
- Connell FC, Ostergaard P, Carver C, Brice G, Williams N, Mansour S, Mortimer PS, Jeffery S. Lymphoedema Consortium. Analysis of the coding regions of VEGFR3 and VEGFC in Milroy disease and other primary lymphoedemas. Hum Genet. Jan 2009; 124(6):625-31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19002718.
- Arriola AG, Taylor LA, Asemota E, Boos MD, Elder DE, Weber KL, Micheletti RG, Zhang PJ. Atypical retiform hemangioendothelioma arising in a patient with Milroy disease: a case report and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol. Jan 2017; 44(1):98-103. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27730656.
- DiGiovanni RM, Erickson RP, Ohlson EC, Bernas M, Witte MH. A novel FLT4 mutation identified in a patient with Milroy disease. Lymphology. Mar 2014; 47(1):44-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25109169.
- Hereditary Lymphedema. National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). Updated 2015; https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/hereditary-lymphedema.
- Bolletta A, Di Taranto G, Chen SH, Elia R, Amorosi V, Chan JC, Chen HC. Surgical treatment of Milroy disease. J Surg Oncol. 2020; 121(1):175-181. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31165487.
- Boudon E, Levy Y, Abossolo T, Cartault F, Brouillard P, Vikkula M, Kieffer-Traversier M Ramful D, Alessandri JL.. Antenatal presentation of hereditary lymphedema type I. Eur J Med Genet. Jun-Jul 2015; 58(6-7):329-31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25896638.
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